Site layout: basic principles of design and zoning (47 photos)

Start planning

Before starting construction and even planning such construction, it is necessary to study the soil; not every site can be used to build a multi-story building. And all other buildings can be placed more conveniently.

Studying the soil will make it easier to carry out water and other communications.

After this, all that remains is to distribute the buildings and future zones of the site in their places. This site design takes into account the cardinal directions and the shape of the land plot.

Features of design and preparatory work

For a project to be competent and easy to implement, you need to have not only good taste, but also the skills of a gardener, designer, knowledge of landscape architecture and even engineering. Do not despair if already at this stage you become scared and doubt your abilities. Professional programs Punch Home Design, Sierra Land Designer 3D, ArchiCad 17, FloorPlan 3D 12, Expert Landscape Design 3D and a dozen more visualizers that work both online (cloud) and without the Internet are ready to help beginners.

Thanks to such assistants, you can forget about layout and drawing. The planner will do the boring work instead of the designer; in addition, they usually contain a lot of examples of successful design projects that will become inspiration and a source of creative ideas. Some of the programs are completely free, while others only have a limited version available without purchasing a trial license. Before creating a project, you need to prepare:

• Take measurements, note the slope, relief of individual zones of the site (hills, hollows), calculate viewing areas. It is difficult to cope with the task on your own, so you will have to invite surveyors to conduct a topographic survey of the area.
• Find out the depth of groundwater.
• Sketch out the shape of the property on a piece of paper. The square one is considered the most advantageous, but with the triangular and multifaceted ones you will have to suffer quite a bit. Private plots of 20 acres are characterized by typical rectangular shapes, where one edge is 50 m, the other 40 m. This greatly simplifies the work on the landscape design project.
• Set soil type. This knowledge will be needed not only for creating a garden, but also when choosing the type of foundation for buildings or a local sewer system (drainage, cesspools). It is also necessary to make a note about the nature of insolation on the site (distribution of shadow and sunlight). This will affect the choice of site for the garden and vegetable garden areas and the location of windows on the facade of the future house.

If you have an “overgrown” piece of forest, a clearing or very neglected land, then invite a specialist (forest pathologist) to your office who can accurately determine which areas are potentially promising, where the flora needs to be preserved, and which are already susceptible to wilting and the best way to save the soil The final impoverishment will result in the cutting down of all living things on it.

Shape of the plot

Typically, a territory of 15 acres or 20 acres is an elongated rectangle, although there are also square territories.

Determining the shape of the purchased plot has a great influence on planning the number and convenience of placement of buildings, their visibility and safety, and the provision of communications.

Preliminary planning of the site will help place all structures relatively close to each other, make them visible from the house or entrance to the site, or, conversely, disguise them behind bushes, vines, and trees.

What is needed for site planning?

The layout of the site depends on a large number of different factors. Let's look at the main ones.

Firstly, this is the relief. It can be flat or with hills, have thick rocks or shallow ravines. It depends on this where to locate the dacha and other buildings. The relief also affects the location of communications, which are usually laid underground.

Next is the shape of a dacha plot of 20 acres. We don’t always get plots in the form of an even rectangle - the territory can form completely different shapes, and this also needs to be taken into account when planning the location of certain buildings.

Pay attention to the type of soil: depending on it, you choose which plants will be planted on your site, because flowers growing, for example, on fertile soils will never grow in heavy soil - this is also important to take into account. It is better to take soil samples in several places at different ends of the territory - in some places they may differ. The layout of the site depends on this. Zoning scheme for a rectangular plot of land:

If there are bodies of water on the territory, it is also important to take them into account when planning - this will help to understand the location of groundwater if you are going to drill a well on the site or do drainage.

If you want to create a landscape design for a site from scratch, you will have to remove all old objects and communications from it, the plus is that in this case the layout of the site becomes easier.

Consider how the site is located relative to the cardinal directions - this also greatly influences the subsequent landscape design. You also need to take into account the wind rose and insolation of the territory. In the future, this will help with landscaping and creating a vegetable garden.

If there are any perennial plants or large beautiful trees growing on the site that you would like to preserve, immediately add them to the plan and include them in the future design project. Ideas and diagrams on how to plan a plot of land:

Parcel Styles

The landscape design of a plot of 20 acres allows the use of almost any style, from small Japanese or Chinese designs to large French or Alpine styles.
The exterior of land holdings should correspond to the tastes of the owners and embody their preferences. The placement of zones and additional elements of the site, as well as its color scheme, will depend on the selected design.

Additional elements include a pond or fountain, benches and adult swings, decorative lanterns, fences and paths.

An important role is given to the color scheme of the site and its contents, the main house and auxiliary buildings.

How to choose a style?

Modern landscape design offers many different styles, and 20 acres, which are quite spacious, make it possible to let your imagination run wild and make everything you want come true. Let's consider the main directions of landscape design of the site, which will help you choose the appropriate style.

• The classical style, which is also called “regular,” demonstrates strict geometry, ideal order, and emphasizes human power. But such landscape design will not be cheap;
• The English landscape design style, which, on the contrary, focuses on the naturalness of nature, on the beauty of nature and its forms. Be sure to add a shady alley when landscaping a 20-acre summer cottage with this design;
• The French park is a universal harmonious design a la “eco”, rich in natural materials and with a minimum of artificiality. It will be inexpensive, this is important for 20 acres;
• Tropics and exoticism in the landscape design of a site look beautiful, but require costs and extensive care for vegetation, which is forced to grow in an unnatural environment;
• Romantic design includes individual elements of different styles that fit the very idea of ​​romance and does not have strict rules;
• High-tech – dynamic stylish design;
• Luxurious Baroque is a zone of chic and wealth;
• Alpine design, which is suitable for a relief dacha plot of 20 acres;
• The forest style is suitable for a dacha plot of 20 acres, around which there are many trees - a real forest can be located here - a good option if you do not need a vegetable garden and arrangement of paths.

Examples of arrangement, decor options for flower beds and drives, rules that need to be taken into account in a visual format, based on the size of the plot, are presented in the photo in the article.

Zoning of the site

The site plan involves dividing the territory into functional zones. We try to place objects as comfortable as possible for use. Such a territory is quite conducive to solving this problem.

The shed with gardening equipment is located next to the vegetable garden or garden plantings, the playground is clearly visible from the windows of the house, from the terrace or relaxation area, the gazebo is hidden away from the road or neighbors.

The layout of a plot of 20 acres must take into account the location of communications. For example, a fountain will require electricity and water, lanterns will only require electricity, and a vegetable garden, lawn or garden will require running water.

The sunny side is allocated for the vegetable garden, and the children's playground is shaded by trees.

What to organize on 20 acres

Before looking for a place to place each object, you need to decide what to place on such a large territory. Choosing designs is like an exciting journey.

Guided by the opinions of thousands of clients, site designers offer:

• House;
• Parking space;
• Patio;
• Pergola;
• Sports ground;
• Children's area;
• Aviary for a dog;
• Flowerbeds;
• Orchard;
• Landscape forest area;
• Vineyard;
• Garden;
• Greenhouse;
• Water
• Terrace;
• Lawn.

You should not think that each presented zone serves exclusively as an element for assembling one landscape: the lawn allows you to sunbathe, the vineyard allows you to enjoy the grapes and hide the estate from onlookers, the winter garden (heated greenhouse) allows you to collect an early harvest and relax among the flora, the flowerbed is solemn greet guests.

Therefore, by deleting a specific zone from the list, you can deprive the design of a plot of 20 acres of several advantages at once. This is not necessary, especially when the area of ​​each part can be different, which has a positive effect on the flexibility of the project.

Legal requirements

When planning, attention should be paid to the requirements of the town planning code.
The house must be located more than 3 meters from the fence, trees must be more than 5 meters from the neighbors' property.

A car in a garage should not disturb neighbors and household members. And the access road to it should be easy to clean in winter, without interfering with other communications.

The bathhouse is located away from bushes, trees, and other buildings.

House

The house on a plot of 20 acres will become the main building, which will determine the styles of all other buildings. Usually, on such large plots, the main building is made multi-story, trying to position the home in such a way that the maximum number of windows overlook the forest, lake, mountains and other natural attractions.

The northern part of the house most often ends with a blank wall; this will help save on heating costs in the autumn-winter-spring period.

To add beauty to the wall, you can plant shade-tolerant vines next to it, which after a short period of time will cover the entire surface.

Layout of a plot of 20 acres with a house, a bathhouse, outbuildings and a vegetable garden: how to distribute the territory

For ease of perception of information, we will divide a plot of 20 acres into several functional zones and consider each of them separately.

Advice! Zoning of territories with different purposes can be done with the help of decorative hedges or miniature “half-meter” fences.

House

The planning of any site begins with determining the location of the residential building. It can be located either on the first line along the road or in the background, at the discretion of the owners. If possible, turn the blank wall to the north. This will reduce the “blowing out” of heat, which will have a positive effect on heating bills.

Recreation area located immediately behind the cottage Source dizainexpert.ru

Based on its location, the remaining elements of infrastructure and landscape design are designed. It is better to do this in advance by drawing a complete project on paper.

Garage

In most cases, the garage is attached close to the house. The reason for this choice lies in the following:

• Trying to save money. One wall of the house is also used for a garage. A similar situation applies to the roof (not for all cases).
• Due to the lack of free land (the area of ​​more than half of the land plots in the Moscow Region, demarcated during Soviet times, is in the range of 5-8 acres).

A garage attached to the house on the back side Source www.landshaft-nw.ru Gazebo, barbecue area and bathhouse, concentrated in one area Source fermer.blog
In this situation, there are no problems with the availability of space (an exception may be elongated areas, 10-wide 15 m.). It is quite possible to place a cottage and a garage on an area of ​​20 acres without an adjoining area. An excellent solution would be to build it next to the house, but on the opposite side of the front door.

Outbuildings

The location of outbuildings is determined depending on their functional purpose:

• It is better to remove buildings intended for keeping livestock, birds or other animals as far as possible from the house. The unpleasant smells and sounds of their guests should not bother you or your neighbors. They are located at a distance of at least 4 m from the boundaries of the site.
• Buildings in which tools and gardening equipment will be stored - as close to the house as possible, so that they are always “at hand”. The minimum setback from the property line is 1 m. A similar situation regarding the neighbor’s fence concerns the location of gazebos and verandas.

Bathhouse, steam room

When choosing a place to build a bathhouse, you should adhere to basic fire safety rules. According to the standards of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which are advisory in nature, the minimum distance to a residential or country house should be 8 m. A plot of 20 acres, unlike the popular “six hundredth”, allows you to organize such distances without disturbing the successful layout. The only thing to consider: do not place the steam room too far away. The distance should not exceed the distance traveled by a person in 20 seconds, which is about 30 m.

Garden Garden

Arranging a garden is a separate topic that requires not only knowledge of regulatory documents, but also landscape design skills. The main zone is organized on the sunny side. As a rule, a spacious plot of 200 acres allows you to arrange it not in one place, but in several. Therefore, the plant variety for each of them is selected individually. Fruit trees and shrubs are distributed throughout the site in two ways:

• In a large group, organizing a kind of garden.
• In a single design, as if scattered throughout the site.

Layout of a complex-shaped plot of 20 acres Source pinimg.com Garage, bathhouse and country house, decorated in the same style Source dizainexpert.ru
Please note that the place where plants are planted on a plot of land is also regulated at the legislative level. It looks like this:

• Shrubs, berries (raspberries, currants, grapes, gooseberries) - at least 1 m to the border.
• Medium-sized trees (cherry, plum, sea buckthorn, serviceberry, sea buckthorn), dwarf fruit and ornamental trees - at least 2 m.
• Tall varieties (apple, pear, cherry) - 3 m to the fence.

A plot of 20 acres, “saturated” with greenery Source comfortoria.ru

Large cottage and garage for 2 cars on a plot of 20 acres Source planvsem.ru

Advice! With the right approach, even beds with carrots or beets can be presented as an original decoration.

Playground

The ideal place for a children's playground on a plot of 20 acres is within sight from the window. This way the child will always be within visual reach. The recommendation does not apply to a swimming pool (full, with a volume of at least 3m3). Place it as far as possible from the house, but on the sunny side. Even if damaged, the leaking water will not be able to wash away the foundation of the house.

Rest zone

The most advantageous location of the recreation area is the most picturesque area of ​​your garden. Let it be in the farthest corner of the site, 20 or 50 meters (depending on the configuration of the boundaries), but this place should make a lasting impression.

Its appearance may vary depending on the preferences of the owners. Some prefer barbecues and noisy evening gatherings, others prefer sports equipment and active recreation, others prefer peace and tranquility in a hammock near the pool or in the lotus position in the center of a Japanese rock garden.

In this case, regardless of the above details, the recreation area must meet the following requirements:

• To be removed from the gaze of strangers.
• Located at the most beautiful point of the site.
• Have protection from the weather.

Outbuildings

All utility units are located in close proximity to the places where they will be needed most. For example, it is better to place a shed for gardening tools on the border of a vegetable garden or garden, so that you do not have to go to the other end of the site for tools; the woodpile will find its place closer to the bathhouse.

If you plan to breed animals, then plan a place for them to live away from your own home and the property of neighbors, so that the smell and noise do not interfere with a comfortable rest.

Scheme of a dacha land plot and placement of a residential property there

The following zones should be provided on the dacha plot:

1. Residential. It includes the main residential building, as well as, if necessary, outbuildings for guests and other residential buildings. This zone has placement priority.
2. Household and household. It houses all life support buildings:
   • sources of drinking water;

   kitchen;

3. cellar;
4. bath (shower);
5. toilet;
6. garage.

In addition, territory is required for technical and utility structures:

• sheds;
• animal enclosures;
• compost pits;
• workshops, etc.

For relax. This includes:

gazebos;

swimming pool and artificial ponds;

flower beds and flower beds;

children's playground;

various canopies, etc.

Gardening. Here are located:

fruit trees and shrubs;

garden and berry plants;

greenhouses and greenhouses.

When designing, it is important to correctly distribute the total area:

• 10-15% of the entire territory is allocated for residential areas.
• For outbuildings – up to 15%.
• Recreation may require 10 to 20% of the entire site.
• The largest area is given over to the garden and vegetable garden - from 50 to 75%.

Bath

The washing complex is usually located next to the recreation area, but not too far from the house, so that in winter a steamed person can quickly get into a warm room.

It is often planned to place a swimming pool or gazebo next to the bathhouse, where you can relax with a cup of aromatic tea.

Garage

For a long time, the garage was attached to the house or was planned in the basement (semi-basement). However, in these cases, exhaust gases enter the house, and the noise of the engine will interfere with enjoying the tranquility of nature.

Currently, the garage is located in such a way that it does not interfere with either the owners or neighbors and is separated from the garden. It is advisable that the house for the car be visible from the windows, as well as the driveway.

Playground

If there are children, they try to equip a full-fledged place for outdoor games.
Such a playground is located near the house, opposite the windows, so that children are under the supervision of adults. But it is better to plan the pool away from this area. On a hot day, the area should be protected from the scorching rays of the sun.

Often the playground is covered with sand or special pebbles, which soften a possible fall.

Such an area may include a sandbox with a bench, a small carousel and slide, a swing, a children's playhouse or gazebo, a set of horizontal bars or sports rings. The set of items is determined by the age of the children.

Place to rest

As a recreation area, they plan to place a large or several small gazebos, a patio, a swimming pool with portable chairs, a beautiful lawn, an open kitchen or barbecue.

Usually this area is decorated with sculptures or garden figurines, lanterns, and pretty flower beds.

Flowerbeds

Cute flower beds and elegant flower beds are located at the entrance to the territory and decorate the recreation area with them.

Flower borders will gracefully frame paths and buildings. They can also divide the land plot into separate plots. Shrubs can also serve this purpose.

It is better to entrust the design of such a large plot to professionals, but if you want to do it yourself, then photos of a plot of 20 acres will help in making this desire come true.

Design of plots of various sizes

Landscape design for 5 acres

Yes! Although he is small, he is his own! And on five hundred square meters you want comfort!

I would like to immediately point out what should not be done in small areas.

• No need to put up a high fence
• Refrain from planting pine or spruce
• Don't try to squeeze in everything you like.

The area surrounded by a fence seems even smaller. It will look more like a cage.

Any hedge can be planted with climbing plants; they will smooth out the borders and serve as an additional decoration.

A pine or spruce will sooner or later grow and create more shade. And in general, it will take up a lot of valuable space.

Having only 5 acres of land, it is best to make a large lawn and plant small shrubs and islands of various flowers.

Landscape design for 10 acres

This area allows you to place more useful objects.

In addition to the house, bathhouse, parking space for a car, it will include a children's pool and a cozy gazebo. You can leave space for fruit trees and shrubs, and a greenhouse and beds will also fit here.

But even on such a site you will still have to set priorities and focus either on the vegetable garden or on the recreation area.

Landscape design for 12 acres

Having purchased a new plot, you should always think through in advance not only the development plan, but also the design. Determine where you will gather with friends, where you will organize the playground, and how much space the plantings will take up.

12 acres is not 10, and on the extra meters you can put a swing and even a trampoline. If there are no children, then a tennis table or a couple of alpine slides will not hurt.

Some people like free space, a clean lawn and beautiful bushes around the perimeter. You can put or plant something there at any time.

Photo of a plot of 20 acres

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