On a suburban area you can do without a house and other buildings, but a latrine is necessary. It is the first building that is installed on each site.
For most people, making a simple toilet in the country with your own hands becomes the first skill in construction. Due to the fact that the construction is simple, anyone can do it, even those without experience.
Types of country toilets
Having understood in more detail what types of these structures there are, you can choose an option that is ideal for each specific case. Whether it will be placed on the street or in the house is up to the owners to decide. Let's try to understand the advantages and disadvantages of both options.
There are three types of outdoor toilets:
- standard;
- powder closets;
- plastic cabins.
What to consider when developing a project?
As with any other structure, a project is first prepared for a combined toilet with an outdoor shower.
When developing it, the following nuances should be taken into account:
- The layout should be convenient . Each room has separate entrances, so you need to make sure that access to both doors is free. The toilet and outdoor shower should be convenient to use. If there are children, elderly people or disabled people in the family, their needs must be taken into account.
- The project takes into account the features of building materials and finishing . The loads on future structures and, accordingly, the choice of foundation type depend on this.
- The area and height of the premises are calculated based on the personal needs of family members . Most often, structures are built 2.75x2 m or 3x3 m. The height can be 2 or 2.5 m depending on the height of family members. Rooms that are too low are uncomfortable, and rooms that are too high can make it difficult to reach the shower head.
The calculation of the area also depends on the number of plumbing fixtures and furniture. If you build spacious rooms of 1.3x2 m, then there will be enough space for a shower stall, benches, shelves and a washbasin. In addition, the rectangular shape makes it easier to arrange furniture and plumbing fixtures.
When designing, you need to consider which way the door to each room will open. The choice of installation location for the washbasin and the possibility of simultaneous entry of people into the toilet and outdoor shower depend on this
The more carefully the project is developed, the more convenient and durable the design will be. You should not start construction before every little detail has been thought through, because completing and rebuilding is much more difficult and expensive than providing all the necessary amenities once.
Step #1 – selection of materials for construction
The choice is small: usually it comes down to only two materials - wood and brick. For a long-term building that will be used for decades, it is better to choose brick. It is durable and withstands negative external factors well.
The disadvantage is that you have to build a reliable foundation. This involves considerable expenses.
A wooden building is cheaper and can be erected faster, but it is not the most durable option. On the other hand, it is difficult to build permanent structures on loose soils, and for them it is better to choose lighter wooden structures. If desired, they can be finished on the outside so that the wood deteriorates less.
Wood captivates with the beauty of its natural pattern. It “breathes”, making the rooms always have a comfortable microclimate. But still, it should be used only for temporary construction and must be treated with antifungal impregnations
Sometimes they build metal combined toilets with an outdoor shower. This is a difficult task, because... you need a welding machine.
The building itself may not live up to expectations and quickly collapse due to corrosion, since there is constantly high humidity in the shower. Another option is slate, but it is fragile, and walls made from it are short-lived.
Step #2 – arrangement of a cesspool
There are two main types of cesspools - with a filter bottom and sealed. The former are easier to construct and do not require special operating costs, but to clean sealed pits you have to call in vacuum cleaners.
There is a nuance: although many summer residents build filter pits, this is prohibited by sanitary standards, because may cause contamination of aquifers.
For the construction of a cesspool, a variety of materials and designs are chosen:
- brick;
- reinforced concrete rings;
- monolithic concrete;
- plastic containers or metal tanks;
- improvised materials.
The easiest way to build a permanent sealed pit is from brick. To do this, dig a square pit of the required diameter, compact the soil, build a sand cushion and fill the bottom of the hole with concrete.
When the material hardens, brick walls are built (the structure should rise 10-20 cm above the ground), plastered and waterproofed with bitumen mastic. We have provided detailed instructions on the construction of a brick drainage pit here.
Leaky brick pits are also often built. In this case, a filter bottom is made, and the brick is laid in a checkerboard pattern, leaving gaps. Such structures do not waterproof, because the water goes into the ground, and in the pit itself only silt remains, which must be removed occasionally.
Difficulties may arise with waterproofing a brick pit, because... bitumen mastics are not always durable. Their service life depends on many factors: composition, correct application, operating conditions, climate
It is best to build a sealed pit from monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete well rings. To waterproof a septic tank from rings, penetrating compounds or bitumen, bitumen-polymer mastics are used.
Combinations of different types of materials are possible to create a durable and reliable waterproofing layer.
Volumetric barrels with a bottom (for sealed ones) or without it (for filter ones) are installed as cesspools. To familiarize yourself with the diagram, calculations and rules for arranging a pit from a barrel, follow this link.
You can also build a structure from scrap materials, for example, from old used tires. There are a lot of options, especially if the drain from the shower is equipped separately.
Standard toilet
The standard type includes classic, rustic toilet houses with a dug cesspool. The main advantages of this type are the ease of construction and installation of the structure.
The installation of such a closet is made easier by the fact that ready-made toilets for a country house are available for sale on the market, in the form of wooden cubicles, which simply need to be placed in the designated place.
The main disadvantages of such options include the presence of a fetid odor and the need to periodically clean the pit, or move the building to another location. However, competent actions will help reduce these unpleasant moments to nothing.
First, try to make the cesspool wider and larger, the preferred depth is two, two and a half meters or more. This will increase the time interval after which it will need to be cleaned. And if you are not at the dacha all the time, but only during the season or weekends, a spacious pit can serve you without cleaning for more than 10 - 15 years.
Carefully study the instructions on how to properly make a pit for a toilet; if necessary, insert concrete rings into it to prevent the soil from collapsing and falling off.
The second tip would be to locate the pit behind the toilet house; the structure should not be installed in the center, but slightly in front of it.
Thirdly, the provided ventilation outlet will help cope with unpleasant odors. The exhaust pipe is installed behind the cabin, it is laid vertically from the top of the pit, its length should be about 50-60 centimeters higher than the roof of the building. This will ensure a flow of fresh air inside, while unpleasant odors will go into the pit and rise up the pipe from it.
Ways to arrange a cesspool for a toilet
After choosing a location in accordance with sanitary standards, you need to tackle the pit itself. There are several options for their arrangement:
Plastic container
Today this is the most common method. You can buy a ready-made plastic structure or take something suitable. The hole is dug in accordance with the size of the plastic container. At the bottom there are one or several layers of brick. This is necessary to ensure that the container is level. Next, place a plastic container so that the pumping pipe is in the right place. The structure is covered with earth, and a support for the upper structure is built above it.
A standard plastic container can be used to collect wastewater Source masterseptika.ru
Concrete rings
Dig a hole and place the ring there. The soil is gradually removed from under the ring, so that it gradually descends. Next, the next ring is immersed. All actions are repeated again. This happens until the hole is the required depth. The top ring should be several centimeters above the ground. The bottom of the pit is waterproofed.
Cesspool made of concrete rings Source mdolgih.ru
Concrete monolithic cesspool
This is one of the most difficult options to build, but also the most durable. Such an outdoor toilet for a dacha will last for many years.
Dig a hole of the required size and fill in the screed. After that, a reinforcement structure is constructed and firmly fixed. Formwork is made from boards, after which concrete is poured. Further work is carried out only after 2 weeks.
You can order a ready-made monolithic block, which can be installed with a crane within ten minutes Source pinterest.ca
Powder closet
A powder closet is a simple toilet in a country house that does not require a cesspool. Its meaning is as follows: a container for excrement is installed under the seat, for example, an ordinary bucket, barrel, etc. There must be a container with wood shavings, stove ash, peat, etc. nearby.
After the defecation process is completed, the waste is covered with materials from the prepared container using a small shovel or scoop. As the container is filled, it is emptied, and the resulting mass is used as an excellent fertilizer for the crop.
These two types of street structures can differ in their original and interesting design; the toilet stall can be made in a wide variety of shapes, painted in any colors, and interestingly decorated with various decors.
Unusual ideas will allow you to add additional beauty and originality to your plot of land. Look through various photos of garden toilets, funny and uniquely designed.
Warm toilet in the country
Many summer residents are increasingly traveling to their dachas in winter. This is due to the fact that country roads began to be cleaned more often in winter, and the accessibility of the site has improved. A significant role in this belongs to those who have chosen to live in the country all year round. It is not uncommon to see full-fledged residential buildings in the country.
Outdoor heated toilet
It’s cold in winter, and the question arises of how to arrange a warm toilet in the country .
If the toilet is inside the house, then the issue is resolved by itself - the bathroom will be warm.
What about the outdoor toilet? But this issue is also solvable.
- Firstly, the winter toilet at the dacha can be insulated . For example, use extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex). It is inexpensive, holds heat well and is not afraid of moisture. In an insulated toilet, the temperature is always higher than outside. Yes, and basic protection from the wind will already create more comfortable conditions in the outdoor toilet in winter.
- Secondly, you can heat the toilet .
Yes, yes, don't laugh. Many people do this. Any heat source can be installed in an outdoor toilet. This can be an electric heater or a heater using some kind of fuel. As a result, the cabin becomes warm and cozy on long winter evenings.
